But this problem is not the order of the day

Surprisingly, some voices in Europe or the United States to the abandonment of expansionist policies initially adopted to create jobs. Criticism of the plans of economic stimulus, unemployment is a "structural" and not "cylique." Therefore it cannot be resorbed in boosting demand.

I am the first to say that structural unemployment is a real and serious danger. When individuals who could be a happy, healthy and productive workforce competence, lack of confidence in them, social networks and experience to find work, we have, obviously, a problem. And if the rate of unemployment in Europe and North America persists at a level high for another two or three years, we must inevitably do.

Because nothing converts cyclic structural unemployment unemployment more surely than a prolonged period of unemployment.

But this is true today Are we really dealing with a structural unemployment as a major problem Non.

Remember what looks like a structural unemployment. The economy is in Bern and unemployment is high, not because of a low aggregate demand induced by a drop in spending, but rather because, due to "structural" factors, there is a mismatch between the skills of the workforce and the distribution of the application. In other words, the structure of consumption is different from the jobs that workers are able to perform.

For example, suppose that we have a large skilled in building, but that households decide that their houses are large enough and that they preferred to develop with manufactured goods.

This can produce a structural unemployment since these former construction workers would not be able to produce the desired capital goods.

EC that would cause some recession in the building: activity ceases, unused and workers of production tools to unemployment. But then plants should also have doubled their rate of production - money not spent in the building must be found somewhere, and remember, the problem is not a lack of overall demand. We should see the industrial organizing employment fairs and, in case of insufficiency of available labour, could be expected to what business leaders offer higher wages to attract workers in their factories, and then see an increase in prices to offset rising costs.

The magnitude and duration of unemployment of former employees of the building could be very high. May need some time to train them and redirect them through social networks to make good manufacturing workers. We would then find a mass unemployment in the construction sector and in regions that had experienced in the past an unparalleled boom in this sector.

But the gloom of the building sector and unemployment hitting its former employees would be offset by the dynamism of the industrial sector, the increase in the prices of manufactured goods and the long hours of work and the high wages for workers.

It is to this that looks like an "offset" structural unemployment - and this is nothing like what we see now, at least in Europe or North America. For three years, there is a slowdown in the market of work in the building, but it is similarly in the field of manufacturing, wholesale, the retail, transport and storage, the dissemination of information and communications services to businesses and individuals, education, leisure and tourism services, and in the public sector. The labour market is more dynamic in the sectors of health, the Internet, and can also be in forestry and mining.

These past three years in the United States, the workforce fell 137.8 million in July 2007 to just under $ 130 million in July 2010 - a decline of 7.9 million in a period in which the adult population has increased by 6 million. What we have witnessed is not a shift in demand towards lack of properly skilled and productive sectors, but rather a collapse of the level of aggregate demand.

This may well look like a structural in three years unemployment. In three years, we could see a scarcity of labour, wage increases and higher prices in the expanding sectors, while the other sectors of the economy would be confronted with high unemployment.

But this problem is not the order of the day. Every day is sufficient sentence.